Kirshner argues that Thucydides’ Melian Dialogue and the “Thucydides Trap” are routinely decontextualized, and that the real lesson of the Peloponnesian War is that great powers are undone not by rival rivals but by their own hubris and restlessness—epitomized by Athens’ catastrophic Sicilian expedition. He maps this onto the US, contending the Iraq and Afghanistan wars, the 2008 financial crisis, and the current Iran campaign are all expressions of imperial hubris that hollowed out American society. He calls the second Trump administration the most overtly corrupt in US history—a “personalist kleptocracy” whose torching of alliances and renunciation of institutional checks reflects a deeper social failure that will outlast Trump himself.
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Misuse of the Melian Dialogue: Kirshner argues Graham Allison’s Destined for War rests on two decontextualized sentences and calls it “not a very good book,” contending Thucydides invented the Melian Dialogue not to teach that the strong do what they will, but to link Athenian arrogance at Milos to its comeuppance in Sicily.
Hubris as the grand lesson: He identifies the Sicilian campaign—occupying roughly a quarter of the book—as the central setpiece, arguing great powers are destroyed by arrogance rather than by shifts in the balance of power, and framing prudence (not pacifism) as the true realist virtue.
American Sicilian expeditions: Kirshner argues the two long wars in Iraq and Afghanistan plus the 2008 global financial crisis (rooted in imposed financial liberalization) were hubristic overreach that contributed to the “hollowing out” of American society across two decades.
IR theory’s failure to explain Trump: As a self-described “card-carrying realist,” he says current US behavior is not realism and fits no off-the-shelf theory, better explained as a “personalist kleptocracy” where Middle East entanglement serves personal business interests—citing selling cryptocurrency from the White House for a billion dollars.
Institutional collapse and alliance damage: Kirshner argues Congress and the Supreme Court have renounced their co-equal prerogatives (invoking Watergate, Goldwater, and LBJ as contrasts), and warns that torching alliances raises doubts in East Asia about whether the US would “show up” against China, damage he says will not easily be undone.